/* IJITIE — academic and calm: white paper, serif voice, one navy accent, one printed-cover moment.
   Layered over the default theme stylesheet; everything is scoped to body.ijitie. */
.ijitie {
  --bg: #ffffff;
  --alt: #f7f8fa;
  --field: #f1f3f6;
  --line: #e4e7ec;
  --line-soft: #eef0f3;
  --t1: #12161d;
  --t2: #3d4452;
  --t3: #6a7180;
  --navy: #133a68;
  --navy-deep: #0b2548;
  --navy-tint: #edf2f8;
  --gold: #c9a24a;
  --serif: "Source Serif 4", "Iowan Old Style", Charter, Georgia, serif;
  --sans: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
  --max: 1160px;
  --gutter: 32px;
  --ease: cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
  margin: 0; background: var(--bg); color: var(--t1); font: 16px/1.6 var(--sans); -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
html:has(body.ijitie) { scroll-padding-top: 72px; }
.ijitie a { color: var(--navy); text-decoration: none; }
.ijitie a:hover { text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-underline-offset: 3px; }
.ijitie :focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--navy); outline-offset: 3px; border-radius: 4px; }
.ijitie ::selection { background: #d6e3f3; }
.ijitie h1, .ijitie h2, .ijitie h3, .ijitie h4 { font-family: var(--serif); font-weight: 500; color: var(--t1); letter-spacing: -.005em; }
.ij-wrap { max-width: var(--max); margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 var(--gutter); }

/* Neutralise the default theme's fixed-width, sidebar layout. */
.ijitie .pkp_structure_page, .ijitie .pkp_structure_content, .ijitie .pkp_structure_main {
  width: auto; max-width: none; float: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; position: static; background: none;
}
.ijitie .pkp_structure_main::before, .ijitie .pkp_structure_main::after { display: none; }
/* Core pages this theme does not redesign get the journal's measure. */
.ijitie .pkp_structure_main > .page:not(.ij-page) { max-width: var(--max); margin: 0 auto; padding: 32px var(--gutter) 72px; }
.ijitie .pkp_structure_main > .page:not(.ij-page) > h1 { font-size: clamp(26px, 3.2vw, 36px); line-height: 1.15; margin: 8px 0 24px; padding-bottom: 20px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.ijitie .pkp_structure_main > .page:not(.ij-page) h2 { font-size: 21px; margin: 32px 0 12px; }

/* ---------- Top bar + header ---------- */
.ij-topbar { background: var(--navy-deep); color: #c7d3e3; font-size: 13px; }
.ij-topbar .ij-wrap { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 16px; padding-top: 7px; padding-bottom: 7px; }
.ijitie .ij-topbar a { color: #fff; }
.ij-header { position: sticky; top: 0; z-index: 50; background: rgba(255, 255, 255, .92); backdrop-filter: saturate(1.4) blur(12px); -webkit-backdrop-filter: saturate(1.4) blur(12px); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.ij-header .ij-wrap { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 20px; height: 60px; }
.ijitie .ij-logo { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; color: var(--t1); flex-shrink: 0; }
.ijitie .ij-logo:hover { text-decoration: none; }
.ij-seal { width: 40px; height: 40px; border-radius: 50%; background: #fff; box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px #d6e4f5; padding: 2px; }
.ij-logo b { display: block; font: 600 15px/1.1 var(--sans); letter-spacing: .08em; }
.ij-logo small { display: block; font-size: 12px; color: var(--t3); margin-top: 3px; }
.ij-header nav { margin-left: auto; }
.ij-nav { display: flex; gap: 2px; margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; }
.ijitie .ij-nav a { display: block; padding: 8px 12px; border-radius: 8px; color: var(--t2); font-size: 15px; white-space: nowrap; }
.ijitie .ij-nav a:hover { background: var(--alt); color: var(--t1); text-decoration: none; }
.ijitie .ij-nav a[aria-current] { color: var(--t1); font-weight: 600; }
.ijitie .ij-icon { display: grid; place-items: center; width: 40px; height: 40px; border-radius: 10px; color: var(--t2); }
.ijitie .ij-icon:hover { background: var(--alt); color: var(--t1); }
.ijitie .ij-signin { padding: 8px 4px; font-size: 15px; font-weight: 600; color: var(--t1); white-space: nowrap; }
.ij-user .pkp_navigation_user { display: flex; gap: 4px; margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; font-size: 14px; }
.ij-user .pkp_navigation_user > li > a { color: var(--t1); font-weight: 600; }
.ijitie .ij-btn { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; gap: 8px; min-height: 44px; padding: 0 20px; border-radius: 10px; corner-shape: squircle; font: 600 15px/1 var(--sans); white-space: nowrap; border: 1px solid transparent; cursor: pointer; transition: background .15s var(--ease), border-color .15s var(--ease); }
.ijitie .ij-btn:hover { text-decoration: none; }
.ijitie .ij-btn-primary { background: var(--navy); color: #fff; }
.ijitie .ij-btn-primary:hover { background: var(--navy-deep); color: #fff; }
.ijitie .ij-btn-ghost { background: #fff; color: var(--t1); border-color: var(--line); }
.ijitie .ij-btn-ghost:hover { border-color: #c9d0da; }
.ij-menu { display: none; position: relative; }
.ij-menu summary { list-style: none; display: grid; place-items: center; width: 44px; height: 44px; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 10px; cursor: pointer; }
.ij-menu summary::-webkit-details-marker { display: none; }
.ij-menu-panel { position: absolute; right: 0; top: 52px; width: 260px; padding: 8px; background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 14px; box-shadow: 0 16px 40px -12px rgba(11,37,72,.25); }
.ijitie .ij-menu-panel a { display: block; padding: 12px 14px; border-radius: 8px; color: var(--t1); }
.ijitie .ij-menu-panel a:hover { background: var(--alt); text-decoration: none; }
.ijitie .ij-menu-panel .ij-menu-cta { margin-top: 6px; background: var(--navy); color: #fff; text-align: center; font-weight: 600; }

/* ---------- Home: hero ---------- */
.ij-eyebrow { display: block; margin: 0 0 14px; font: 600 12px/1 var(--sans); letter-spacing: .14em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--navy); }
.ij-hero { padding: 44px 0 40px; }
.ij-hero .ij-wrap { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 280px; gap: 56px; align-items: center; }
.ijitie .ij-hero h1 { font: 500 clamp(30px, 3.6vw, 44px)/1.1 var(--serif); letter-spacing: -.015em; margin: 0; max-width: 15em; text-wrap: balance; }
.ij-lead { font: 400 clamp(17px, 1.4vw, 19px)/1.6 var(--serif); color: var(--t2); margin: 16px 0 0; max-width: 56ch; }
.ij-ids { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 6px 28px; margin: 18px 0 0; padding: 12px 0 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line-soft); }
.ij-ids div { display: flex; gap: 8px; align-items: baseline; }
.ij-ids dt { font: 600 11px/1 var(--sans); letter-spacing: .12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--t3); }
.ij-ids dd { margin: 0; font: 500 15px/1.2 var(--serif); color: var(--t1); font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; }
.ij-cta { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 10px; margin-top: 22px; }

/* The printed cover — the page's one quiet moment. */
.ijitie .ij-cover-link { display: block; justify-self: center; perspective: 1200px; }
.ijitie .ij-cover-link:hover { text-decoration: none; }
.ij-cover {
  position: relative; width: 250px; aspect-ratio: 210 / 297; padding: 24px 22px 20px 28px;
  display: flex; flex-direction: column; color: #f3efe4; background: var(--navy);
  border-radius: 3px 8px 8px 3px;
  box-shadow: inset 6px 0 0 rgba(0,0,0,.18), inset 7px 0 0 rgba(255,255,255,.06),
              0 1px 2px rgba(11,37,72,.18), 0 18px 40px -12px rgba(11,37,72,.45), 0 40px 80px -40px rgba(11,37,72,.4);
  transform: rotateY(-8deg) rotateX(2deg);
  transition: transform .5s var(--ease), opacity .6s var(--ease);
}
.ij-cover-link:hover .ij-cover { transform: rotateY(-3deg) rotateX(1deg) translateY(-4px); }
@starting-style { .ij-cover { transform: rotateY(-18deg) rotateX(4deg) translateY(12px); opacity: 0; } }
.ij-cover .c-top { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; font: 600 10.5px/1 var(--sans); letter-spacing: .16em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #c9d4e4; }
.ij-cover .c-rule { height: 1px; background: var(--gold); opacity: .7; margin: 16px 0 0; }
.ij-cover .c-acr { font: 600 38px/1 var(--serif); letter-spacing: .02em; margin: 28px 0 0; color: #fff; }
.ij-cover .c-name { font: italic 400 13px/1.4 var(--serif); margin: 10px 0 0; color: #dfe6f0; }
.ij-cover .c-issue { margin-top: auto; border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.18); padding-top: 14px; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: baseline; }
.ij-cover .c-issue b { font: 500 19px/1 var(--serif); color: #fff; }
.ij-cover .c-issue span { font-size: 11.5px; color: #c9d4e4; letter-spacing: .04em; }
.ij-cover .c-pub { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; font: 600 10px/1 var(--sans); letter-spacing: .16em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--gold); margin-top: 14px; }
.ij-cover .c-pub img { width: 22px; height: 22px; border-radius: 50%; background: #fff; padding: 1px; }
.ij-cover .c-issn { margin-top: 8px; font: 500 9.5px/1 var(--sans); letter-spacing: .08em; color: #9fb0c8; }
.ij-cover-cap { text-align: center; margin: 16px 0 0; font-size: 14px; color: var(--t3); }
.ij-cover-cap b { color: var(--navy); font-weight: 600; }

/* Facts */
.ij-facts { border-top: 1px solid var(--line); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.ij-facts ul { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(5, 1fr); margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; }
.ij-facts li { padding: 18px 20px; border-left: 1px solid var(--line-soft); }
.ij-facts li:first-child { border-left: 0; padding-left: 0; }
.ij-facts b { display: block; font: 500 30px/1 var(--serif); color: var(--t1); letter-spacing: -.01em; }
.ij-facts span { display: block; margin-top: 6px; font-size: 13px; color: var(--t3); line-height: 1.35; }

/* Sections */
.ij-block { padding: 52px 0; }
.ij-block.ij-alt { background: var(--alt); border-top: 1px solid var(--line-soft); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line-soft); }
.ij-split { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 240px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 48px; }
.ij-split > header { align-self: start; position: sticky; top: 92px; }
.ijitie .ij-h { font: 500 clamp(24px, 2.4vw, 30px)/1.15 var(--serif); letter-spacing: -.01em; margin: 0; }
.ij-h-meta { margin: 8px 0 0; color: var(--t3); font-size: 14px; }
.ijitie .ij-h-link { display: inline-block; margin-top: 16px; font-size: 15px; font-weight: 600; }
.ij-scope { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 0 48px; margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; counter-reset: s; }
.ij-scope li { counter-increment: s; display: grid; grid-template-columns: 36px 1fr; padding: 12px 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); font: 400 16px/1.45 var(--serif); color: var(--t1); }
.ij-scope li::before { content: counter(s, decimal-leading-zero); font: 600 12px/2.2 var(--sans); letter-spacing: .08em; color: var(--navy); }

/* People */
.ij-people { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1.25fr 1fr; gap: 1px; background: var(--line); border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 14px; corner-shape: squircle; overflow: hidden; }
.ij-person { background: #fff; padding: 18px 20px; }
.ij-person .role { font: 600 11.5px/1 var(--sans); letter-spacing: .12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--t3); }
.ij-person .name { font: 500 16.5px/1.35 var(--serif); margin: 10px 0 0; color: var(--t1); }
.ij-person .name + .name { margin-top: 4px; }
.ij-person.ij-lead-p { background: var(--navy); }
.ij-person.ij-lead-p .role { color: #b8c7db; }
.ij-person.ij-lead-p .name { color: #fff; font-size: 20px; }
.ij-person.ij-lead-p .org { color: #c9d4e4; font-size: 14px; margin: 8px 0 0; }
.ij-board { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 12px 24px; margin-top: 16px; padding: 14px 20px; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 14px; corner-shape: squircle; background: #fff; }
.ij-board p { margin: 0; color: var(--t2); }
.ij-board p b { font: 500 20px/1 var(--serif); color: var(--t1); }
.ij-countries { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 6px; margin: 10px 0 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; }
.ij-countries li { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 7px; padding: 4px 10px; border-radius: 999px; background: var(--field); font-size: 13px; color: var(--t2); }
.ijitie .flag { width: 18px; height: 12px; flex-shrink: 0; border-radius: 2.5px; box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px rgba(18, 22, 29, .1); filter: saturate(.72) brightness(1.03); }

/* Steps */
.ij-steps { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); gap: 24px; margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; counter-reset: st; }
.ij-steps li { counter-increment: st; padding: 16px 0 0; border-top: 2px solid var(--navy); }
.ij-steps li::before { content: counter(st); display: block; font: 500 26px/1 var(--serif); color: var(--navy); }
.ijitie .ij-steps h3 { font: 500 18px/1.3 var(--serif); margin: 12px 0 6px; }
.ij-steps p { margin: 0; color: var(--t2); font-size: 15px; }

/* ---------- Issue table of contents (core markup) ---------- */
.ijitie .obj_issue_toc .heading { display: none; }
.ijitie .ij-toc .obj_issue_toc .heading { display: none; }
.ijitie .obj_issue_toc .section > h3, .ijitie .obj_issue_toc .section > h2 { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 10px; font: 600 12px/1 var(--sans); letter-spacing: .12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--t3); border: 0; }
.ijitie .obj_issue_toc .section > h3::before, .ijitie .obj_issue_toc .section > h2::before { display: none; }
.ijitie .obj_issue_toc .section + .section { margin-top: 28px; }
.ijitie .cmp_article_list { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--t1); }
.ijitie .cmp_article_list > li { margin: 0; padding: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.ijitie .obj_article_summary { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto; gap: 4px 24px; padding: 14px 0; position: relative; }
.ijitie .obj_article_summary > .title { grid-column: 1; margin: 0; font: 500 17.5px/1.35 var(--serif); }
.ijitie .obj_article_summary > .title a { color: var(--t1); }
.ijitie .obj_article_summary > .title a:hover { color: var(--navy); }
.ijitie .obj_article_summary .subtitle { display: block; font-size: 15px; color: var(--t2); margin-top: 2px; }
.ijitie .obj_article_summary .meta { grid-column: 1; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 4px 16px; margin: 0; padding: 0; font-size: 14px; color: var(--t3); }
.ijitie .obj_article_summary .meta .authors { padding: 0; }
.ijitie .obj_article_summary .galleys_links { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 1 / span 2; align-self: center; display: flex; gap: 6px; margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; }
.ijitie .obj_article_summary .cover { display: none; }
.ijitie .obj_galley_link, .ijitie .galleys_links a.obj_galley_link {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px; min-height: 34px; padding: 0 12px; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 8px;
  background: #fff; color: var(--navy); font: 600 13px/1 var(--sans); text-transform: none; letter-spacing: 0; box-shadow: none;
}
.ijitie .obj_galley_link:hover { border-color: var(--navy); background: #fff; color: var(--navy); text-decoration: none; }
.ijitie .obj_galley_link::before { display: none; }
.ijitie .obj_issue_toc .galleys { margin: 0 0 24px; }
.ijitie .obj_issue_toc .galleys h2, .ijitie .obj_issue_toc .galleys h3 { font: 600 12px/1 var(--sans); letter-spacing: .12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--t3); background: none; margin: 0 0 10px; padding: 0; border: 0; }
.ijitie .obj_issue_toc .galleys_links { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }

/* Issue page + archive */
.ijitie .page_issue .obj_issue_toc .heading { display: block; margin: 0 0 24px; color: var(--t2); }
.ijitie .page_issue .obj_issue_toc .heading .cover { display: none; }
.ijitie .issues_archive { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--t1); }
.ijitie .issues_archive > li { margin: 0; padding: 16px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.ijitie .obj_issue_summary { display: flex; gap: 20px; align-items: center; }
.ijitie .obj_issue_summary .cover { flex: 0 0 64px; }
.ijitie .obj_issue_summary .cover img { width: 64px; border-radius: 2px 4px 4px 2px; box-shadow: 0 4px 12px -4px rgba(11,37,72,.4); }
.ijitie .obj_issue_summary h2 { margin: 0; font: 500 20px/1.25 var(--serif); }
.ijitie .obj_issue_summary h2 a { color: var(--t1); }
.ijitie .obj_issue_summary .series { font: 400 14px/1.4 var(--sans); color: var(--t3); margin-top: 4px; }
.ijitie .obj_issue_summary .description { color: var(--t2); font-size: 15px; }
.ijitie .obj_issue_summary .description:empty { display: none; }

/* Breadcrumbs */
.ijitie .cmp_breadcrumbs ol { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 4px; margin: 0 0 12px; padding: 0; list-style: none; font-size: 14px; color: var(--t3); }
.ijitie .cmp_breadcrumbs a { color: var(--t3); }
.ijitie .cmp_breadcrumbs .current { color: var(--t3); font-weight: 400; }
.ijitie .cmp_breadcrumbs .separator { color: #b6bcc7; padding: 0 2px; }

/* ---------- Article page (core markup) ---------- */
.ijitie .obj_article_details { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 280px; gap: 16px 56px; }
.ijitie .obj_article_details > .page_title { grid-column: 1 / -1; font: 500 clamp(26px, 3.2vw, 36px)/1.15 var(--serif); letter-spacing: -.012em; margin: 0; max-width: 30ch; text-wrap: balance; }
.ijitie .obj_article_details > .subtitle { grid-column: 1 / -1; margin: -4px 0 0; font: 400 19px/1.4 var(--serif); color: var(--t2); }
.ijitie .obj_article_details .row { display: contents; }
.ijitie .obj_article_details .main_entry, .ijitie .obj_article_details .entry_details { float: none; width: auto; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: 0; }
.ijitie .obj_article_details .main_entry { grid-column: 1; }
.ijitie .obj_article_details .entry_details { grid-column: 2; align-self: start; position: sticky; top: 92px; }
.ijitie .obj_article_details .item { margin: 0; padding: 0; border: 0; }
.ijitie .obj_article_details .main_entry .item { margin-top: 28px; }
.ijitie .obj_article_details .main_entry .item:first-child { margin-top: 8px; }
.ijitie .obj_article_details .main_entry .item > .label, .ijitie .obj_article_details .main_entry h2.label { display: block; margin: 0 0 10px; font: 500 21px/1.2 var(--serif); color: var(--t1); text-transform: none; letter-spacing: 0; }
.ijitie .obj_article_details .authors { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 6px 22px; }
.ijitie .obj_article_details .authors li { margin: 0; }
.ijitie .obj_article_details .authors .name { font: 400 18px/1.4 var(--serif); color: var(--t1); }
.ijitie .obj_article_details .authors .affiliation { display: block; font-size: 14px; color: var(--t3); }
.ijitie .obj_article_details .authors .userGroup { display: none; }
.ijitie .obj_article_details .abstract .value, .ijitie .obj_article_details .abstract p { font: 400 17.5px/1.7 var(--serif); color: var(--t1); }
.ijitie .obj_article_details .keywords .value { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px; }
.ijitie .obj_article_details .keywords .label { margin-bottom: 10px; }
.ijitie .obj_article_details .references .value { font: 400 15px/1.6 var(--serif); color: var(--t2); }
.ijitie .obj_article_details .entry_details .item { padding: 14px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line-soft); }
.ijitie .obj_article_details .entry_details .item:first-child { padding-top: 0; }
.ijitie .obj_article_details .entry_details .item > .label, .ijitie .obj_article_details .entry_details h2.label, .ijitie .obj_article_details .entry_details .sub_item .label {
  display: block; margin: 0 0 4px; padding: 0; background: none; border: 0; font: 400 13px/1.3 var(--sans); color: var(--t3); text-transform: none; letter-spacing: 0;
}
.ijitie .obj_article_details .entry_details .value { font-size: 15px; color: var(--t1); }
.ijitie .obj_article_details .entry_details .cover_image { display: none; }
.ijitie .obj_article_details .galleys_links { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px; }
.ijitie .obj_article_details .galleys .obj_galley_link { min-height: 44px; padding: 0 20px; border: 0; border-radius: 10px; background: var(--navy); color: #fff; font-size: 15px; }
.ijitie .obj_article_details .galleys .obj_galley_link:hover { background: var(--navy-deep); color: #fff; }
.ijitie .obj_article_details .copyright { font-size: 13.5px; color: var(--t3); }
.ijitie .citation_display .value, .ijitie #citationOutput { padding: 14px 16px; border-radius: 10px; background: var(--alt); font: 400 14.5px/1.6 var(--serif); color: var(--t1); }
.ijitie .citation_formats_button { margin-top: 8px; padding: 6px 12px; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 8px; background: #fff; color: var(--navy); font: 600 13px var(--sans); }
.ijitie .citation_formats_list { border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 10px; background: #fff; }

/* ---------- Editorial page ---------- */
.ij-page-head { padding: 32px 0 24px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.ijitie .ij-page-head h1 { font: 500 clamp(26px, 3.2vw, 36px)/1.15 var(--serif); letter-spacing: -.012em; margin: 0; }
.ij-page-body { padding: 32px 0 64px; }
.ij-board-head { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: baseline; gap: 16px; margin: 48px 0 0; padding-bottom: 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--t1); }
.ij-board-head span { color: var(--t3); font-size: 14px; }
.ij-b-grid { columns: 3 280px; column-gap: 40px; }
.ij-b-group { break-inside: avoid; padding-top: 22px; }
.ijitie .ij-b-group h3 { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; margin: 0 0 8px; font: 400 13px/1 var(--sans); color: var(--t3); }
.ij-b-c { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 7px; padding: 5px 11px 5px 8px; border-radius: 999px; background: var(--field); font: 500 13px/1 var(--sans); color: var(--t1); }
.ij-b-group ul { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.ij-b-group li { padding: 9px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line-soft); }
.ij-b-group li b { display: block; font: 500 16px/1.3 var(--serif); }
.ij-b-group li span { display: block; font-size: 13.5px; color: var(--t3); margin-top: 2px; }
.ij-note { margin: 32px 0 0; font-size: 14px; }

/* ---------- About, submissions (core markup) ---------- */
.ijitie .page_about, .ijitie .page_submissions, .ijitie .page_privacy, .ijitie .page_editorial_history { font: 400 17px/1.7 var(--serif); color: var(--t2); }
.ijitie .page_about ul, .ijitie .page_about ol { padding-left: 1.2em; }
.ijitie .page_submissions .cmp_notification { margin: 0 0 24px; padding: 16px 18px; border: 0; border-radius: 12px; background: var(--navy-tint); color: var(--t1); font: 400 15px/1.5 var(--sans); }
.ijitie .page_submissions .submission_checklist ul { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; counter-reset: c; }
.ijitie .page_submissions .submission_checklist li { counter-increment: c; display: grid; grid-template-columns: 32px 1fr; padding: 10px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line-soft); font: 400 16.5px/1.5 var(--serif); color: var(--t1); }
.ijitie .page_submissions .submission_checklist li::before { content: counter(c); display: grid; place-items: center; width: 22px; height: 22px; margin-top: 2px; border-radius: 50%; background: var(--navy-tint); color: var(--navy); font: 600 12px/1 var(--sans); }

/* ---------- Forms: login, register, lost password ---------- */
.ijitie .page_lost_password { max-width: 560px !important; }
.ijitie .page_lost_password .cmp_form {
  padding: 28px; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 16px; background: #fff;
  box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(11,37,72,.05), 0 16px 40px -24px rgba(11,37,72,.25);
}
.ijitie .cmp_form fieldset { margin: 0 0 8px; padding: 0; border: 0; }
.ijitie .cmp_form legend { padding: 6px 0 10px; font: 600 12px/1 var(--sans); letter-spacing: .12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--t3); }
.ijitie .cmp_form .fields > div { margin-bottom: 14px; }
.ijitie .cmp_form label .label { display: block; margin-bottom: 6px; font: 600 14px/1.3 var(--sans); color: var(--t1); }
.ijitie .cmp_form input[type="text"], .ijitie .cmp_form input[type="email"], .ijitie .cmp_form input[type="password"], .ijitie .cmp_form input[type="url"], .ijitie .cmp_form select, .ijitie .cmp_form textarea {
  width: 100%; max-width: none; min-height: 44px; padding: 0 12px; border: 1px solid #cfd5de; border-radius: 9px; background: #fff; font: 16px var(--sans); color: var(--t1); box-shadow: none;
}
.ijitie .cmp_form textarea { padding: 10px 12px; min-height: 96px; }
.ijitie .cmp_form input:focus, .ijitie .cmp_form select:focus, .ijitie .cmp_form textarea:focus { outline: none; border-color: var(--navy); box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(19,58,104,.15); }
.ijitie .cmp_form input[type="checkbox"] { width: 18px; height: 18px; accent-color: var(--navy); vertical-align: -3px; margin-right: 8px; }
.ijitie .cmp_form .optin label, .ijitie .cmp_form .remember label { font: 400 14.5px/1.45 var(--sans); color: var(--t2); }
.ijitie .cmp_form .buttons { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: 12px 16px; margin-top: 18px; }
.ijitie .cmp_form .buttons button, .ijitie .cmp_form button.submit {
  min-height: 44px; padding: 0 22px; border: 0; border-radius: 10px; background: var(--navy); color: #fff; font: 600 15px/1 var(--sans); cursor: pointer; box-shadow: none; text-shadow: none;
}
.ijitie .cmp_form .buttons button:hover { background: var(--navy-deep); }
.ijitie .cmp_form .buttons a { font-size: 14.5px; }
.ijitie .cmp_form .required { color: #b42318; }
.ijitie .pkp_form_error, .ijitie .cmp_notification.warning { padding: 12px 14px; border-radius: 10px; background: #fdf0ef; color: #a1281f; border: 0; font: 400 14.5px/1.5 var(--sans); }

/* Pagination */
.ijitie .cmp_pagination { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 16px; margin-top: 24px; font-size: 14px; color: var(--t3); }

/* ---------- Footer ---------- */
.ij-footer { position: relative; overflow: hidden; background: var(--navy-deep); color: #b9c6d8; font-size: 14px; margin-top: 0; }
.ij-footer::after { content: "IJITIE"; position: absolute; right: -2vw; bottom: -3.2vw; font: 600 clamp(120px, 17vw, 240px)/1 var(--serif); letter-spacing: .02em; color: rgba(255,255,255,.035); pointer-events: none; }
.ij-footer .ij-wrap { position: relative; z-index: 1; }
.ij-f-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1.6fr 1fr 1fr 1fr; gap: 32px; padding: 44px 0 32px; }
.ij-f-seal { width: 56px; height: 56px; border-radius: 50%; background: #fff; padding: 3px; margin-bottom: 16px; }
.ij-f-name { font: 500 19px/1.3 var(--serif); color: #fff; margin: 0; max-width: 24ch; }
.ij-f-sub { margin: 12px 0 0; }
.ij-f-ids { margin: 10px 0 0; font-size: 13px; color: #8fa2bd; font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; }
.ijitie .ij-footer h2 { font: 600 11.5px/1 var(--sans); letter-spacing: .14em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #8fa2bd; margin: 4px 0 16px; }
.ij-footer ul { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.ij-footer li + li { margin-top: 10px; }
.ijitie .ij-footer a { color: #dfe6f0; }
.ij-f-custom { padding: 0 0 20px; color: #b9c6d8; }
.ij-f-legal { padding: 20px 0 24px; border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.1); font-size: 13px; color: #8fa2bd; }

/* ---------- Responsive ---------- */
@media (max-width: 1120px) {
  .ij-header nav, .ijitie .ij-hide-sm, .ijitie .ij-signin, .ij-user { display: none; }
  .ij-menu { display: block; margin-left: auto; }
  .ij-hero .ij-wrap { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 48px; }
  .ij-facts ul { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); }
  .ij-facts li:nth-child(4) { border-left: 0; padding-left: 0; }
  .ij-facts li:nth-child(n+4) { border-top: 1px solid var(--line-soft); }
  .ij-split { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 28px; }
  .ij-split > header { position: static; }
  .ij-people { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
  .ij-person.ij-lead-p { grid-column: 1 / -1; }
  .ijitie .obj_article_details { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); }
  .ijitie .obj_article_details .entry_details { grid-column: 1; position: static; }
  /* Mobile: PDF and facts right under the title, before the long abstract. */
  .ijitie .obj_article_details > .page_title, .ijitie .obj_article_details > .subtitle { order: -2; }
  .ijitie .obj_article_details .entry_details { order: -1; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 0 20px; padding-bottom: 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
  .ijitie .obj_article_details .entry_details .item { border: 0; padding: 8px 0; }
  .ijitie .obj_article_details .entry_details .galleys { flex-basis: 100%; }
  .ijitie .obj_article_details .main_entry { display: contents; }
  .ijitie .obj_article_details .main_entry .item.authors { order: -2; margin-top: 4px; }
  .ij-f-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
  .ij-f-grid > :first-child { grid-column: 1 / -1; }
}
@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .ijitie { --gutter: 20px; }
  .ij-logo small { display: none; }
  .ij-hero { padding: 28px 0 32px; }
  .ij-cta .ij-btn { flex: 1 1 100%; }
  .ij-cover { width: 210px; padding: 20px 18px 16px 24px; }
  .ij-cover .c-acr { font-size: 32px; margin-top: 22px; }
  .ij-facts ul { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
  .ij-facts li { padding: 14px 0 14px 16px; }
  .ij-facts li:nth-child(odd) { border-left: 0; padding-left: 0; }
  .ij-facts li:nth-child(4) { border-left: 1px solid var(--line-soft); padding-left: 16px; }
  .ij-facts li:nth-child(n+3) { border-top: 1px solid var(--line-soft); }
  .ij-facts li:last-child { grid-column: 1 / -1; border-left: 0; padding-left: 0; }
  .ij-facts b { font-size: 26px; }
  .ij-block { padding: 40px 0; }
  .ij-scope { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .ijitie .obj_article_summary { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .ijitie .obj_article_summary .galleys_links { grid-column: 1; grid-row: auto; justify-self: start; margin-top: 8px; }
  .ij-people { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .ij-steps { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 20px; }
  .ij-board-head { flex-direction: column; gap: 4px; }
  .ij-f-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 24px; padding-top: 36px; }
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .ijitie *, .ijitie *::before, .ijitie *::after { animation: none !important; transition: none !important; }
  .ij-cover { transform: none; }
}

/* Fixes after first live check */
.ijitie .obj_issue_toc .section::before, .ijitie .obj_issue_toc .section::after { display: none; }
.ijitie .cmp_form.login, .ijitie .cmp_form.register, .ijitie .cmp_form.lost_password { max-width: none; width: auto; }
.ijitie .cmp_form .fields > div, .ijitie .cmp_form .fields label { display: block; width: auto; }
.ijitie .cmp_form .remember label, .ijitie .cmp_form .optin label, .ijitie .cmp_form .reviewer label { display: flex; align-items: flex-start; gap: 0; }
.ijitie .cmp_form .remember .label, .ijitie .cmp_form .optin .label { display: inline; margin: 0; font-weight: 400; }
.ijitie .cmp_form .remember input, .ijitie .cmp_form .optin input { flex-shrink: 0; margin-top: 2px; }
.ijitie .obj_issue_toc .sections { margin: 0; }
.ijitie .obj_issue_toc .section { margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.ijitie .obj_issue_toc .section + .section { margin-top: 28px; }
.ijitie .page_issue .obj_issue_toc .section > h2, .ijitie .page_issue .obj_issue_toc .section > h3 { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 10px; font-size: 12px; }
.ijitie .page_issue .obj_issue_toc .heading .published { font-size: 14px; color: var(--t3); }
.ijitie .page_issue .obj_issue_toc .heading .published .label { font-weight: 400; }
/* Audit fixes */
.ijitie .obj_issue_toc .section > h2, .ijitie .obj_issue_toc .section > h3 { left: 0; top: 0; position: static; }
.ijitie .page_issue .obj_issue_toc .heading { margin: 0 0 20px; }
.ijitie .page_issue .obj_issue_toc .heading .published { margin: 0; }
.ijitie .page_masthead:not(.ij-page) { font: 400 17px/1.7 var(--serif); color: var(--t2); }
.ijitie .page_masthead:not(.ij-page) strong, .ijitie .page_masthead:not(.ij-page) b { color: var(--t1); font-weight: 600; }
.ijitie .page_about img { max-width: 220px; height: auto; border-radius: 3px 6px 6px 3px; box-shadow: 0 8px 24px -10px rgba(11,37,72,.4); }
.ijitie .cmp_form .fields > div { padding: 0; }
.ijitie .cmp_form fieldset + fieldset { margin-top: 14px; }
/* About page: readable measure, lists in the journal's hairline style */
.ijitie .pkp_structure_main > .page_about > *:not(h1):not(.cmp_breadcrumbs) { max-width: 760px; }
.ijitie .page_about h2 { margin: 36px 0 10px; }
.ijitie .page_about ul { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.ijitie .page_about ul li { padding: 9px 0 9px 22px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line-soft); position: relative; font-size: 16.5px; line-height: 1.5; color: var(--t1); }
.ijitie .page_about ul li::before { content: ""; position: absolute; left: 4px; top: 18px; width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 50%; background: var(--navy); }
.ijitie .page_about ul li:last-child { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line-soft); }

/* Language switch in the top bar */
.ij-topbar-end { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 16px; }
.ij-lang { display: inline-flex; gap: 2px; padding-left: 16px; border-left: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.18); }
.ij-lang > * { padding: 1px 6px; border-radius: 5px; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .04em; }
.ijitie .ij-lang a { color: #9fb0c8; }
.ijitie .ij-lang a:hover { color: #fff; text-decoration: none; background: rgba(255,255,255,.08); }
.ij-lang [aria-current] { color: #fff; background: rgba(255,255,255,.14); }
.ijitie .ij-icon[aria-current] { background: var(--alt); color: var(--t1); }

/* Galley buttons carry a document icon */
.ijitie .obj_galley_link::before {
  display: inline-block; content: ""; width: 14px; height: 14px; flex-shrink: 0; background: currentColor;
  -webkit-mask: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 16 16' fill='none' stroke='black' stroke-width='1.5' stroke-linejoin='round' stroke-linecap='round'%3E%3Cpath d='M9.5 1.75H4.25a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v10.5a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h7.5a1 1 0 0 0 1-1V5z'/%3E%3Cpath d='M9.5 1.75V5h3.25M5.75 8.25h4.5M5.75 10.75h3'/%3E%3C/svg%3E") center / contain no-repeat;
          mask: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 16 16' fill='none' stroke='black' stroke-width='1.5' stroke-linejoin='round' stroke-linecap='round'%3E%3Cpath d='M9.5 1.75H4.25a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v10.5a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h7.5a1 1 0 0 0 1-1V5z'/%3E%3Cpath d='M9.5 1.75V5h3.25M5.75 8.25h4.5M5.75 10.75h3'/%3E%3C/svg%3E") center / contain no-repeat;
}
.ijitie .obj_article_details .galleys .obj_galley_link::before { width: 16px; height: 16px; }

/* Sign in / register: one centred card on a quiet field */
.ij-auth { padding: 48px var(--gutter) 72px; background: var(--alt); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line-soft); }
.ij-auth-card { max-width: 440px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 32px; background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 18px; corner-shape: squircle; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(11,37,72,.05), 0 24px 48px -28px rgba(11,37,72,.3); }
.ij-auth-wide { max-width: 600px; }
.ij-auth-seal { display: block; width: 56px; height: 56px; border-radius: 50%; padding: 3px; background: #fff; box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px #d6e4f5; margin-bottom: 18px; }
.ijitie .ij-auth-card h1 { font: 500 28px/1.15 var(--serif); margin: 0 0 8px; }
.ij-auth-note { margin: 0 0 4px; color: var(--t2); font-size: 15px; }
.ijitie .ij-auth .cmp_form { margin-top: 20px; padding: 0; border: 0; background: none; box-shadow: none; max-width: none; }
.ijitie .ij-auth .cmp_form .required, .ijitie .ij-auth .cmp_form .pkp_screen_reader { }
.ijitie .ij-auth .ij-label-row { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: baseline; gap: 12px; }
.ijitie .ij-auth .ij-label-row a { font-weight: 400; font-size: 13.5px; }
.ijitie .ij-auth .password label > a { display: none; }
.ijitie .ij-auth .cmp_form .buttons { margin-top: 20px; }
.ijitie .ij-auth .cmp_form .buttons button { width: 100%; }
.ij-auth-alt { margin: 20px 0 0; padding-top: 18px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line-soft); text-align: center; font-size: 14.5px; color: var(--t3); }
.ijitie .ij-auth .optin label { display: grid !important; grid-template-columns: 26px 1fr; align-items: start; font: 400 14.5px/1.45 var(--sans); color: var(--t2); }
.ijitie .ij-auth .optin input[type="checkbox"] { margin: 1px 0 0; }
.ijitie .ij-auth .consent, .ijitie .ij-auth .reviewer { margin-top: 8px; padding-top: 16px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line-soft); }
.ijitie .ij-auth .reviewer legend { font: 400 14.5px/1.45 var(--sans); text-transform: none; letter-spacing: 0; color: var(--t2); }

/* Search */
.ij-search-head { padding: 32px 0 28px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); background: var(--alt); }
.ijitie .ij-search-head h1 { font: 500 clamp(26px, 3.2vw, 36px)/1.15 var(--serif); margin: 0 0 20px; }
.ijitie .ij-search-form { max-width: 760px; }
.ij-search-bar { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; padding: 6px 6px 6px 16px; background: #fff; border: 1px solid #cfd5de; border-radius: 14px; corner-shape: squircle; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(11,37,72,.05); }
.ij-search-bar:focus-within { border-color: var(--navy); box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(19,58,104,.15); }
.ij-search-bar svg { color: var(--t3); flex-shrink: 0; }
.ijitie .ij-search-bar input.query { flex: 1; min-width: 0; min-height: 44px; border: 0 !important; box-shadow: none !important; padding: 0 !important; font: 17px var(--sans); background: none; }
.ijitie .ij-search-bar input.query:focus { outline: none; }
.ijitie .ij-search-bar button.submit { min-height: 44px; padding: 0 22px; border: 0; border-radius: 10px; background: var(--navy); color: #fff; font: 600 15px var(--sans); cursor: pointer; }
.ijitie .ij-search-bar button.submit:hover { background: var(--navy-deep); }
.ij-search-filters { margin-top: 12px; }
.ij-search-filters summary { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px; cursor: pointer; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 600; color: var(--navy); list-style: none; }
.ij-search-filters summary::-webkit-details-marker { display: none; }
.ij-search-filters summary::after { content: "▾"; font-size: 12px; transition: transform .15s var(--ease); }
.ij-search-filters[open] summary::after { transform: rotate(180deg); }
.ijitie .ij-search-filters .search_advanced { margin-top: 12px; padding: 18px; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 12px; background: #fff; }
.ijitie .ij-search-filters .date_range { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 16px 32px; margin-bottom: 14px; }
.ijitie .ij-search-filters fieldset fieldset { border: 0; padding: 0; margin: 0; }
.ijitie .ij-search-filters legend, .ijitie .ij-search-filters .label { display: block; margin: 0 0 6px; font: 600 13.5px var(--sans); color: var(--t1); text-transform: none; letter-spacing: 0; }
.ijitie .ij-search-filters select { min-height: 40px; padding: 0 8px; border: 1px solid #cfd5de; border-radius: 8px; background: #fff; font: 15px var(--sans); }
.ijitie .ij-search-filters input[type="text"] { width: 100%; max-width: 420px; min-height: 42px; padding: 0 12px; border: 1px solid #cfd5de; border-radius: 9px; font: 15px var(--sans); }
.ij-search-count { margin: 0 0 12px; font-size: 14px; color: var(--t3); }
.ijitie .search_results { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--t1); }
.ijitie .search_results > li { margin: 0; padding: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.ijitie .page_search .cmp_notification { margin: 0; padding: 16px 18px; border: 0; border-radius: 12px; background: var(--alt); color: var(--t2); }

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .ij-topbar-ids { display: none; }
  .ij-lang { padding-left: 0; border-left: 0; }
  .ij-auth { padding: 20px 12px 40px; }
  .ij-auth-card { padding: 24px 18px; border-radius: 16px; }
  .ij-search-bar { flex-wrap: wrap; padding: 6px 6px 6px 14px; }
  .ijitie .ij-search-bar button.submit { width: 100%; }
}
.ijitie .ij-auth .cmp_form label .ij-label-row { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: baseline; gap: 12px; }
.ijitie .page_search .obj_article_summary { padding: 14px 0; }